Summary of indications and underlying conditions described in included studies
| Type of infection | Number of children | Underlying condition | Number of children |
| Gastrointestinal infection including enteric fever | 6043 | Cystic fibrosis, most cases with associated pulmonary exacerbation | 995 |
| Otitis media | 2706 | Paediatric cancers | 1019 |
| Community acquired pneumonia | 1935 | Post haematopoetic stem cell transplantation | 265 |
| Prophylaxis | 979 | Chronic renal disease | 20 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 593 | Neurological disorders | 22 |
| Neonatal sepsis | 591 | Intraventricular haemorrhage (Grades III-IV) | 19 |
| Central nervous system | 245 | CNS malignancy | 29 |
| Cellulitis | 227 | Congenital cyanotic heart disease | 2 |
| Tuberculosis | 67 | Head injury | 2 |
| Bacteraemia | 100 | Leukaemia and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis | 1 |
| BK viraemia | 19 | Myelitis | 1 |
| Bone or joint | 23 | Bare lymphocyte syndrome | 1 |
| Cholangitis | 13 | Inflammatory bowel disease | 1 |
| Tularaemia | 12 | Major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency | 1 |
| Infection of prosthetic cardiac device | 2 | Sacral agenesis | 1 |
| Rhinoscleroma | 1 | ||
| Other/indications not described in detail | 7343 |